Can Poor Sleep Affect Your Vision? The Link Between Sleep and Glaucoma

Sleep is essential for overall health, but emerging research suggests it also plays a critical role in eye health—particularly in relation to glaucoma. This progressive eye disease, characterized by optic nerve damage and potential vision loss, has been linked to various sleep disturbances. Understanding this connection can help patients and healthcare providers take proactive steps to protect vision.

How Sleep Affects Eye Health

The eye relies on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients, which are regulated by blood flow. Sleep disturbances can negatively impact blood circulation and intraocular pressure (IOP), both of which are key factors in glaucoma development and progression. Poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, and excessive sleep duration may contribute to an increased risk.

Key Findings on Sleep and Glaucoma

Recent studies examining thousands of adults have found notable correlations between sleep disturbances and glaucoma risk:

• Too Much or Too Little Sleep: Individuals sleeping fewer than four hours or more than ten hours per night exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of optic nerve damage compared to those getting seven hours of sleep. Inadequate sleep may lead to imbalanced ocular blood flow, while excessive sleep might indicate underlying health conditions that contribute to nerve damage.

• Difficulty Falling Asleep: People who either fell asleep too quickly (in under 10 minutes) or took longer than 30 minutes to do so had a higher prevalence of glaucoma. Falling asleep too quickly can be a sign of sleep deprivation, while prolonged sleep latency may indicate stress or sleep disorders that negatively affect eye pressure regulation.

• Daytime Sleepiness and Cognitive Issues: Participants who experienced excessive daytime drowsiness and memory lapses due to poor sleep were more likely to show signs of visual field loss. Sleep disruptions can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation, which may contribute to nerve degeneration and compromised vision.

• Sleep Apnea and Other Disorders: Conditions like sleep apnea, which disrupt oxygen flow to the optic nerve, may increase glaucoma risk by elevating IOP during sleep interruptions. Reduced oxygen levels and frequent awakenings can place additional strain on the optic nerve, accelerating disease progression.

The Role of Intraocular Pressure and Circulation

One potential explanation for these findings is the relationship between sleep and intraocular pressure. IOP tends to fluctuate throughout the day and may rise at night, particularly in individuals with irregular sleep patterns. Poor circulation due to disrupted sleep can also compromise the optic nerve’s ability to withstand pressure changes, making it more vulnerable to damage.

What Can You Do to Protect Your Eyes?

Given the growing evidence of a sleep-glaucoma connection, taking steps to improve sleep hygiene may contribute to better eye health. Here are some strategies:

• Establish a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time daily can regulate biological rhythms and support healthy circulation.

• Monitor Sleep Quality: If you experience frequent awakenings, snoring, or excessive daytime sleepiness, consult a healthcare provider about potential sleep disorders.

• Practice Good Sleep Hygiene: Reduce screen time before bed, limit caffeine intake in the evening, and create a dark, comfortable sleeping environment.

• Schedule Regular Eye Exams: Glaucoma often progresses silently, so routine check-ups are essential for early detection and management.

The Importance of Staying in Touch With Your Eye Doctor

Maintaining both eye health and overall well-being requires a proactive approach. By prioritizing quality sleep and regular eye screenings, individuals can take meaningful steps toward preserving their vision and preventing glaucoma-related complications.

Visit Lifeview Glaucoma Center and consult Dr. Elisabeth Aponte, a board-certified ophthalmologist and surgeon, to explore the best treatment options to support your eye health. 

By staying proactive and working closely with your doctor, you can take essential steps to protect your vision and overall quality of life.